During a median follow-up of 9.0 years, 1324 (7.6%) participants died. The study outcome was all-cause mortality. The average intakes of the 3-day dietary macronutrients and micronutrients were calculated. Dietary intake was measured by 3 consecutive 24-h dietary recalls in combination with a weighing inventory over the same 3 days. A total of 17,310 participants from the China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS), a national ongoing open cohort of Chinese participants, were included in the analysis. We aimed to investigate the relationship of dietary copper intake with all-cause mortality among Chinese adults. The association between dietary copper intake and mortality risk remains uncertain. We will also clarify their clinical applications, benefits, and harms in CVDs prevention. In this review, we discuss the role of dietary and/or supplemental iron, copper, zinc, and selenium on cardiovascular health. Given the existing controversies, large, well-designed, long-term, randomized clinical trials are required to better examine the effects of trace mineral intake on cardiovascular events and all-cause mortality in the general population. Thus, a J- or U-shaped relationship between the transition minerals and cardiovascular events has been proposed. While deficiency of these trace elements can cause cardiovascular dysfunction, several studies have also shown a positive association between metal serum levels and cardiovascular risk factors and events. Since their pro-oxidant or antioxidant functions can have different effects on cardiovascular health. However, there is controversy over the effects of dietary and supplemental intake of these metals on cardiovascular risk factors and events. ![]() ![]() Transition metals, such as iron, zinc, copper and selenium, play a major role in cell metabolism. Imbalances in electrolyte minerals are frequent and potentially hazardous occurrences that may lead to the development of cardiovascular diseases (CVDs). Minerals play a major role in regulating cardiovascular function.
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